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關(guān)鍵詞1. 表轉(zhuǎn)折

but, however, yet, in fact, on the other hand

A, but B：否定A而肯定B，則A,，B兩部分內(nèi)容是相反的,。

例如：Computerized data storage and electronic mail were to have heralded the paper less office. But, contrary to expectations, paper consumption throughout the world shows no sign of abating .

解釋：paper less 表示負(fù)向,，則but后no sign of abating 表示正向,，所以abating是表示負(fù)向的詞。

總結(jié)：此種方法有利于在不認(rèn)識(shí)單詞的前提下讀懂句子意思,，很有幫助,，但一定要練習(xí)，而且要敏感,。

練習(xí)：The marginal costs of generating electricity from nuclear energy may be tiny, but , as the technology now stands, huge and uncertain costs are involved in building the power stations, dealing with spent fuel, and decommissioning.

(1) although：although A, B,，盡管有A，B還是出現(xiàn)了(A,，B互不影響)若A是正,，那B就是負(fù)的。

例如：Although the world regards Asia as the focus of an economic and industrial miracle, without adequate supplies of food, Lampe says, chaos could easily result in many countries.

解釋：miracle奇跡,，表正向,則but后的chaos是一個(gè)表負(fù)向的詞,。

(2) while：五個(gè)含義：

A. although：雖然，盡管

B. as long as：只要

C. whereas, but：表轉(zhuǎn)折

D. when：當(dāng),。,。。的時(shí)候

E. n. 表一段時(shí)間

例如：While ducks offer many advantages over hens, they must be given greater quality of food, especially if regular eggs are desired.

解釋：原文在本段之前講鴨子的好,，在本段之后講它的不好,。

(3) albeit：盡管,，雖然

例如：Albeit true but not now.

A...and B...

(1) 并列雙方性質(zhì)相同;

(2) 當(dāng)A、B都比較復(fù)雜時(shí),，應(yīng)該從最后一項(xiàng)找起,，根據(jù)B的形式到前文找到A

例如：The modern city consists of monstrous edifices and of dark, narrow streets full of petrol fumes and toxic gases, torn by the noise of the taxicabs, lorries and buses, and thronged ceaselessly by great crowds.

解釋：此句話中共有四個(gè)and ,第一個(gè)and 并列of 結(jié)構(gòu)，第二個(gè)and 并列fumes和toxic,第三個(gè)and并列taxicabs, lorries 和buses, 第四個(gè)and并列full of …, torn by… 和thronged…

(1) A furthermore B

(2) A moreover B

(3) A besides B

A為正向,，B仍為正向,。

(1) first, then, next, later on, finally

(2) 1st, 2nd, 3rd…

(3) in the first place, in the second place…

(4) before…, after…

(5) once, until, as soon as,…

人名，地名,，時(shí)間,，數(shù)字，一些專有名詞（這是最好的定位標(biāo)準(zhǔn),，多以A---A形式重現(xiàn)）

(1) as…as, like 類比

(2) more…than, unlike 對(duì)比

(3) 不同的時(shí)間導(dǎo)致強(qiáng)的對(duì)比關(guān)系

例如：第一段講1840年...1919年...

第二段講2003年出現(xiàn)了X…

問(wèn)題是，2003年人們有了X, 1840年的時(shí)候人們沒(méi)有什么?

(4) 不同的地點(diǎn)導(dǎo)致強(qiáng)對(duì)比關(guān)系

例如：In Australia, only …

In Asia, there are many X ...

問(wèn)題是,，Australia缺什么?

(1) 大因果關(guān)系/分句間因果關(guān)系(即：原因,、結(jié)果是兩句話)

because, in that, as, since, for, so(that), therefore, thus, hence, as a result

(2) 小因果關(guān)系/句內(nèi)因果關(guān)系(在一句話中，通過(guò)v.來(lái)表達(dá))

例如：Increased air temperature brought about higher sea levels.

Cause, lead to, result in/ from, contribute to, pose, help, create, affect, influence, attribute to

難詞解釋：Attribute A to B, 把A歸因于B (因?yàn)锽所以A)